PT. LOKA REFRACTORIES WIRA JATIM
Supplying the best refractory materials for industries across Indonesia for 104 years
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Providing refractory solutions for 104 years
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Since
1919
PT. LOKA REFRACTORIES WIRA JATIM
INDONESIA'S FIRST REFRACTORY MANUFACTURER
Berpengalaman lebih dari 100 TAHUN memproduksi Refractory Material
Estabilished in 1919, PT. Loka Refractories Wira Jatim is a manufacturer that supplies refractory materials for industries that requires high temperature in their production process such as glass, ceramic, cement, oil, fertilizer, and plywood industry.
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Corrosion : What It Is and How To Control ItHi everyone! We are back again with another article about one of refractory failures.
Previously, our article is about refractory failure by spalling, which you can read here.
This time, we will discuss about corrosion which is the loss of mass of refractory material lining.
What caused it? How to prevent it? Scroll down and find out more!
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is the loss of refractory mass caused by chemical reactions between contacting materials.
Materials that come into contact with refractories can be solids, liquids or gases.
Corrosion can occur through four processes, namely dissolution, reaction, and penetration of chemical substances into the pores.
How to control corrosion process?
In general, the corrosion process can be prevented with the following steps:
- Reduces chemical reactivity and increases specific area. Because the finer the granules, the more reactive they are, so the substance dissolves more quickly into the melt.
- Set the composition of the filer and matrix.
- Reducing the dissolution rate by reducing the interface and melt concentration difference, avoiding stirring, and
lower the temperature.
- Regulate the suitability of the acidity level between the refractory and the slag.
- Controlling porosity and texture by:
1. Using wide range particle distribution to reduce interconnection between pores.
2. Improved mixing and molding techniques during production.
3. Adding ingredients that allow pore closure.
- Controling the penetration process with
increases viscosity and covers pores.
- Controlling dissolution by regulating chemical reactivity and specific area, and lowering temperature.
- Controlling oxidation - reduction reactions by adjusting the composition/addition of oxidation preventers.
That was a brief explanation about corrosion of refractory linings and how to control it.
Get the best refractory solutions for your industry now by contacting:
Telephone: 0821-4280-8500/031-7665507
E-mail: marketing@lokarefractories.com
Learn MorePreviously, our article is about refractory failure by spalling, which you can read here.
This time, we will discuss about corrosion which is the loss of mass of refractory material lining.
What caused it? How to prevent it? Scroll down and find out more!
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is the loss of refractory mass caused by chemical reactions between contacting materials.
Materials that come into contact with refractories can be solids, liquids or gases.
Corrosion can occur through four processes, namely dissolution, reaction, and penetration of chemical substances into the pores.
How to control corrosion process?
In general, the corrosion process can be prevented with the following steps:
- Reduces chemical reactivity and increases specific area. Because the finer the granules, the more reactive they are, so the substance dissolves more quickly into the melt.
- Set the composition of the filer and matrix.
- Reducing the dissolution rate by reducing the interface and melt concentration difference, avoiding stirring, and
lower the temperature.
- Regulate the suitability of the acidity level between the refractory and the slag.
- Controlling porosity and texture by:
1. Using wide range particle distribution to reduce interconnection between pores.
2. Improved mixing and molding techniques during production.
3. Adding ingredients that allow pore closure.
- Controling the penetration process with
increases viscosity and covers pores.
- Controlling dissolution by regulating chemical reactivity and specific area, and lowering temperature.
- Controlling oxidation - reduction reactions by adjusting the composition/addition of oxidation preventers.
That was a brief explanation about corrosion of refractory linings and how to control it.
Get the best refractory solutions for your industry now by contacting:
Telephone: 0821-4280-8500/031-7665507
E-mail: marketing@lokarefractories.com
Refractory Failure: SpallingDid you know about refractory failure?
Refractory materials installed in a furnace will be in contact with extreme environments such as high temperatures and high pressure. Therefore, refractory failure can happen if the right material is not used.
There are many types of refractory failure caused by various factors. One of the most common things that occurs is spalling. What is spalling and what causes it? Check out the explanation below!
What is Spalling?
Spalling is the release of part of the material from its parent due to internal pressure (stress) of the material in response to changes in environmental conditions. Usually, spalling starts from the appearance of cracks or splitting of the installed material.
There are three types of spalling with different causes, namely thermal spalling, structural spalling, and mechanical spalling.
Types of Spalling
Thermal spalling is material damage by temperature shock which results in temperature differences that cause stress.
Damage occurs through the formation of initial cracks due to stress caused by temperature shock which is greater than the strength of the material and is followed by crack propagation.
Structural Spalling is spalling caused by changes in phase (mineralogy, form), so that differences in the properties of the changed and original parts cause internal stress.
Structural spalling is caused by overheating and chemical reactions/penetration.
Structural spalling caused by overheating can be prevented by:
- Temperature control
- Control of intake air or furnace atmosphere
- Selection of appropriate refractory
Meanwhile, those caused by chemical reactions and penetration are prevented by:
- Selection of refractory materials according to the nature of the environment in the furnace (acid, neutral, alkaline)
- Arrangement of porosity, pore size distribution, wettability, etc.
Mechanical Spalling is a failure that is often caused by concentrated loads due to unequal distribution of mechanical forces.
One of them is the lining design on the refractory and metal connections such as steel anchors, and on the masonry in the furnace arc. Another cause is the use of inappropriate materials.
Spalling or other refractory failures can be prevented by selecting refractory materials with the right specifications and good quality.
Get the best quality refractory materials from Loka Refractories! Contact us for our best offer!
Phone : 0821-4280-8500
E-mail: marketing@lokarefractories.com
Image source :
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11661-011-0635-x/figures/13
Learn MoreRefractory materials installed in a furnace will be in contact with extreme environments such as high temperatures and high pressure. Therefore, refractory failure can happen if the right material is not used.
There are many types of refractory failure caused by various factors. One of the most common things that occurs is spalling. What is spalling and what causes it? Check out the explanation below!
What is Spalling?
Spalling is the release of part of the material from its parent due to internal pressure (stress) of the material in response to changes in environmental conditions. Usually, spalling starts from the appearance of cracks or splitting of the installed material.
There are three types of spalling with different causes, namely thermal spalling, structural spalling, and mechanical spalling.
Types of Spalling
Thermal spalling is material damage by temperature shock which results in temperature differences that cause stress.
Damage occurs through the formation of initial cracks due to stress caused by temperature shock which is greater than the strength of the material and is followed by crack propagation.
Structural Spalling is spalling caused by changes in phase (mineralogy, form), so that differences in the properties of the changed and original parts cause internal stress.
Structural spalling is caused by overheating and chemical reactions/penetration.
Structural spalling caused by overheating can be prevented by:
- Temperature control
- Control of intake air or furnace atmosphere
- Selection of appropriate refractory
Meanwhile, those caused by chemical reactions and penetration are prevented by:
- Selection of refractory materials according to the nature of the environment in the furnace (acid, neutral, alkaline)
- Arrangement of porosity, pore size distribution, wettability, etc.
Mechanical Spalling is a failure that is often caused by concentrated loads due to unequal distribution of mechanical forces.
One of them is the lining design on the refractory and metal connections such as steel anchors, and on the masonry in the furnace arc. Another cause is the use of inappropriate materials.
Spalling or other refractory failures can be prevented by selecting refractory materials with the right specifications and good quality.
Get the best quality refractory materials from Loka Refractories! Contact us for our best offer!
Phone : 0821-4280-8500
E-mail: marketing@lokarefractories.com
Image source :
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11661-011-0635-x/figures/13
Fire Clay Bricks and Regular Clay Bricks, What's the Difference?Loka Refractories - What is the difference between fire clay bricks and regular clay bricks?
In terms of appearance, both of them look similar. But actually, they are very different!
Fire clay bricks and regular clay bricks have very different uses and compositions. The differences will be outlined in the following explanation.
First, let's discuss the difference in composition.
Fire clay bricks have a main composition of alumina derived from bauxite and silica derived from quartz sand.
These raw materials have refractory properties that make them resistant to very high temperatures.
In addition to alumina and silica, refractory bricks also have other raw materials such as magnesia, carbon, silica carbide, and so on according to their needs and applications.
Meanwhile, regular clay bricks are made from clay with additives such as sand, lime, ash, and so on. Therefore, they do not have refractory properties.
Second, let's compare their uses. Regular clay bricks are commonly used to build walls of houses, buildings, and many more.
Whereas fire clay bricks are used to build lining in furnaces, ovens, boilers, ladles, reformers that involve heat energy and high pressure.
The thing is, regular clay bricks are resistant to fire. However, it does not have resistance to temperatures up to 1800 C as well as pressure and abrasion.
Another difference is that regular clay brick has a much cheaper price than fire clay bricks.
If you need clay bricks, you can find them easily at the nearest building store.
Finding refractory bricks is no less easy. Contact Loka Refractories at:
Phone : (031) 7663307/0821-4280-8500
E-mail : info@lokarefractories.com
We supply refractory bricks with standard sizes (230x114x65mm) and custom sizes according to your industry needs!
Learn MoreIn terms of appearance, both of them look similar. But actually, they are very different!
Fire clay bricks and regular clay bricks have very different uses and compositions. The differences will be outlined in the following explanation.
Differences between fire clay bricks and regular clay bricks
First, let's discuss the difference in composition.
Fire clay bricks have a main composition of alumina derived from bauxite and silica derived from quartz sand.
These raw materials have refractory properties that make them resistant to very high temperatures.
In addition to alumina and silica, refractory bricks also have other raw materials such as magnesia, carbon, silica carbide, and so on according to their needs and applications.
Meanwhile, regular clay bricks are made from clay with additives such as sand, lime, ash, and so on. Therefore, they do not have refractory properties.
Second, let's compare their uses. Regular clay bricks are commonly used to build walls of houses, buildings, and many more.
Whereas fire clay bricks are used to build lining in furnaces, ovens, boilers, ladles, reformers that involve heat energy and high pressure.
The thing is, regular clay bricks are resistant to fire. However, it does not have resistance to temperatures up to 1800 C as well as pressure and abrasion.
Another difference is that regular clay brick has a much cheaper price than fire clay bricks.
If you need clay bricks, you can find them easily at the nearest building store.
Finding refractory bricks is no less easy. Contact Loka Refractories at:
Phone : (031) 7663307/0821-4280-8500
E-mail : info@lokarefractories.com
We supply refractory bricks with standard sizes (230x114x65mm) and custom sizes according to your industry needs!
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